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There existed many exploitable overflows across various attack vectors, but specifically for MPEG4 files, Drake found this snippet of code that contained an integer overflow vulnerable function вЂњparseChunk(offset, depth + 1)вЂќ. This is what allowed an attacker to execute malicious code in a media file. The second issue is that libstagefright was suffering from overflow issues. Now that the malicious MMS received, the attack began to attack the media server and eventually escalate privileges. Further, the media library executes continuously from the moment you receive the file, to when you view the notification, to when you tilt your screen on the text message page. This means that upon receipt of a MMS containing an audio/video file, libstagefright would automatically begin processing the malicious code before the user even opens the message.

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This attack proved to be so powerful because if media files received via text message had a header, Android would automatically download the attachment. The attack vector he chose to exploit in this specific attack was the MMS vector. These vectors included Mobile Network MMS, Client Side, Browser, Downloads, Email, and more. Through this methodology, which he called vector enumeration, he discovered eleven different attack vectors. He began by finding all the ways he could send media files to himself. In finding these issues, Drake started digging deeper into the media server framework and libstagefright library. These types of issues have been proven exploitable in the past and provide the main source of exploitation in this attack, and will be elaborated on in the next section. These became CVE-2015-1538 and CVE-2015-1539, which centered around problems pertaining to buffer and overflow issues. His tests resulted in discovering 5 different memory corruptions. Drake knew that if you could attack the media server you could escalate your privileges and have all the necessary means to spy on someoneвЂ™s phone.Дrake started his search by running several tests on the media server to see where there were errors/crashes. Some of those privileges included access to camera devices, MMS, email, and bluetooth. Drake initially wanted to look into the media server because it has a lot of privileges: significantly more than afforded to other android apps. Libstagefright is located in the media server in the Android architecture. Underlying technical issues surrounded the issues in the C++ media processing library described above, StageFright. Following the initial discovery, further vulnerabilities were discovered and patches have been continuously released for them. Reportedly the scariest part of the hack was that, contrasting to a spear-phishing attack, all vulnerable devices could potentially be attacked via a simple text message that required zero interaction on user side. When the bug was announced publicly in July, the hack was reported in the mainstream media as a vulnerability potentially affecting up to 950 million devices.

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The bug was announced publicly in July 2015 and the full disclosure took place on August 5th at the Black Hat USA conference where Josh Drake explains the hack in detail. He reported the bug to Google as well as incorporated a related bug fix into its internal source code repositories two days after the report. In April of 2015 Joshua Drake, the current VP of Platform Research and Exploitation and a security researcher at Zimperium, discovered a set of vulnerabilities in all versions of AndroidвЂ™s operating system greater than 2.2 (вЂњFroyoвЂќ). In our report, we detail what the Stagefright vulnerability was, as well as demonstrate how Joshua Drake was able to exploit it. It existed in several versions of AndroidвЂ™s operating system and allowed an attacker to execute remote code on a userвЂ™s device, potentially without detection. Stagefright was a vulnerability found within the Android media server library. Headlines ominously depicted the attack, implying that no Android was safe. News of the attack surfaced in the mainstream media later that summer, describing it as вЂњthe worst android hack ever,вЂќ affecting nearly 950 million devices. Stagefright was a hack initially discovered and reported to Google by a security researcher, Joshua Drake, in April 2015. Sarah Larbi, Victoria Thompson, Konstantino Sparakis, and Megan HoranД«y Sarah Larbi, Victoria Thompson, Konstantino Sparakis, and Megan Horan Abstract

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